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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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+r"""CSV → MDB(仿照现场 `25年.zip`/`26年.zip` 的形态)。2026-09-17 用户令。
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+
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+形态: `<年>年/<月>月/<年>-<月>-<类>.zip → <年>-<月>-<类>.mdb`;每类一库(库内含该月全部机组)。
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+
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+**实测可用路线**(探路过程见 docs/现场收资接入_v0.1.md §7):
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+ ① `ADOX.Catalog` + ACE 12.0 建库 ✔
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+ ② 按列切片写分片 CSV(首列 `rid`,配 `schema.ini` 声明 UTF-8)✔
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+ ③ **`Access.Application.DoCmd.TransferText` 批量装入** ✔ ← 唯一可用的批量导入
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+ (`SELECT … INTO [text;…]`、目标库 `INSERT … SELECT [text;…]`、`IN '<dir>' 'text;…'` 全部报
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+ 「这种对象类型不支持该操作」;DAO `CreateDatabase` 报「找不到可安装的 ISAM」⇒ 都不用)
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+ ④ 读回校验行数 ✔
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+
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+硬限制(必须偏离现场形态): 单表 ≤255 列(scada_10min 每台 598 列 ⇒ 拆表,每片 250 列);
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+单库 ≤2 GB(⇒ 按月分库;不按月分库时 1 分钟数据 13.7M 行会超)。
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+
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+用法:
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+ python scripts/csv_to_mdb.py --month 2025-01 --turbines WTG01 # 试点(1 台 1 月)
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+ python scripts/csv_to_mdb.py --month 2025-01 # 该月全部机组
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+ python scripts/csv_to_mdb.py --month 2025-01 --class 1min [--turbines 01E]
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+退出码: 0 成功 · 2 参数/源不齐 · 4 无 Access/ACE 能力 · 5 失败
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+"""
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+from __future__ import annotations
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+
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+import argparse
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+import pathlib
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+import re
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+import shutil
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+import subprocess
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+import sys
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+import tempfile
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+import time
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+import zipfile
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+
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+ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
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+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT))
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+from src.windscada.config import raw_station_dir # noqa: E402
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+
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+CHUNK = 250 # 每张表列数(含 rid)
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+CLS_DIR = {'10min': 'scada_10min', '1min': 'scada_1min'}
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+
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+
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+def safe_names(cols: list[str]) -> list[str]:
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+ out, seen = [], {}
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+ for i, c in enumerate(cols):
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+ n = re.sub(r'[^0-9A-Za-z_\u4e00-\u9fff]', '_', c)[:60] or f'c{i}'
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+ if n in seen:
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+ seen[n] += 1
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+ n = f'{n[:56]}_{seen[n]}'
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+ else:
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+ seen[n] = 0
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+ out.append(n)
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+ return out
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+
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+
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+def build_chunks(files: list[pathlib.Path], month: str, tmp: pathlib.Path, limit_rows: int):
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+ """把各台该月行按列切片汇到 `<tmp>/t{i}.csv`(首列 rid)。→ (分片数, 总行数, 每台行数)"""
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+ nt, total, per = 0, 0, {}
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+ handles = {}
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+ try:
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+ for f in files:
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+ with open(f, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace', newline='') as fh:
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+ cols = fh.readline().rstrip('\n').split(',')
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+ names = safe_names(['rid'] + cols)
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+ if not nt:
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+ nt = max(1, -(-len(cols) // CHUNK))
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+ ini = []
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+ for i in range(nt):
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+ lo, hi = i * CHUNK, min(len(cols), (i + 1) * CHUNK)
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+ p = tmp / f't{i+1}.csv'
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+ p.write_text(','.join(names[lo:hi + 1]) + '\n', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
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+ handles[i] = open(p, 'a', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
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+ ini += [f'[{p.name}]', 'Format=CSVDelimited', 'ColNameHeader=True',
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+ 'CharacterSet=65001', '']
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+ (tmp / 'schema.ini').write_text('\n'.join(ini), encoding='utf-8')
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+ n = 0
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+ for line in fh:
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+ if line[:7] != month:
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+ continue
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+ vals = line.rstrip('\n').split(',')
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+ n += 1
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+ for i in range(nt):
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+ lo, hi = i * CHUNK, min(len(cols), (i + 1) * CHUNK)
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+ handles[i].write(','.join([str(n)] + vals[lo:hi]) + '\n')
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+ if limit_rows and n >= limit_rows:
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+ break
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+ per[f.stem] = n
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+ total += n
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+ finally:
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+ for h in handles.values():
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+ h.close()
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+ return nt, total, per
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+
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+
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+def to_mdb(db: pathlib.Path, tmp: pathlib.Path, nt: int) -> list[str]:
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+ """ADOX 建库 + Access.TransferText 逐分片装入 + 读回行数。→ 每表行数描述。"""
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+ db.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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+ ps = pathlib.Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / '_csv2mdb_run.ps1'
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+ lines = ['$ErrorActionPreference="Stop"',
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+ f'$db = "{db}"',
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+ 'if (Test-Path $db) { Remove-Item $db -Force }',
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+ '$cat = New-Object -ComObject ADOX.Catalog',
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+ '[void]$cat.Create("Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=$db;")',
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+ '$cat = $null',
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+ '$acc = New-Object -ComObject Access.Application',
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+ '$acc.Visible = $false',
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+ '$acc.OpenCurrentDatabase($db)']
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+ for i in range(1, nt + 1):
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+ lines.append(f'$acc.DoCmd.TransferText(0, "", "t{i}", "{tmp / f"t{i}.csv"}", $true)')
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+ lines += ['$acc.CloseCurrentDatabase()', '$acc.Quit()',
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+ '$c = New-Object -ComObject ADODB.Connection',
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+ '$c.Open("Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=$db;")']
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+ for i in range(1, nt + 1):
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+ lines.append(f'$rs = $c.Execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [t{i}]"); '
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+ f'Write-Output ("t{i}=" + $rs.Fields.Item(0).Value); $rs.Close()')
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+ lines.append('$c.Close()')
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+ ps.write_text('\n'.join(lines), encoding='utf-8-sig')
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+ r = subprocess.run(['powershell', '-NoProfile', '-ExecutionPolicy', 'Bypass', '-File', str(ps)],
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+ capture_output=True, text=True, errors='replace', timeout=7200)
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+ got = [ln.strip() for ln in (r.stdout or '').strip().splitlines() if ln.strip()]
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+ if r.returncode != 0:
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+ print(' [X] ' + (r.stderr or r.stdout or '').strip()[:240])
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+ return []
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+ return got
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+
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+
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+def main() -> int:
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+ ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='CSV → MDB(仿现场年度归档形态)')
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+ ap.add_argument('--month', required=True, help='YYYY-MM')
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+ ap.add_argument('--class', dest='cls', default='10min', choices=('10min', '1min'))
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+ ap.add_argument('--turbines', default=None, help='逗号分隔(WTG01 或 01E);不给=全部')
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+ ap.add_argument('--out', default=None)
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+ ap.add_argument('--limit-rows', type=int, default=0)
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+ ap.add_argument('--no-zip', action='store_true')
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+ a = ap.parse_args()
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+ if not sys.platform.startswith('win'):
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+ print('[X] 需要 Windows(Access/ACE)—— Linux 侧无写库能力')
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+ return 4
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+ y, m = a.month.split('-')
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+ src = pathlib.Path(raw_station_dir()) / CLS_DIR[a.cls]
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+ out = pathlib.Path(a.out) if a.out else (pathlib.Path(raw_station_dir()) / 'scada_mdb')
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+ want = {t.strip() for t in a.turbines.split(',')} if a.turbines else None
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+ files = [f for f in sorted(src.glob('*.csv')) if (not want or f.stem in want)]
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+ if not files:
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+ print(f'[X] {src} 下没有匹配 CSV')
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+ return 2
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+ tmp = pathlib.Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / f'csv2mdb_{y}{m}_{a.cls}'
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+ if tmp.exists():
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+ shutil.rmtree(tmp, ignore_errors=True)
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+ tmp.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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+ t0 = time.time()
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+ nt, total, per = build_chunks(files, a.month, tmp, a.limit_rows)
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+ print(f' 切片: {nt} 张表 · {total} 行 · {len(files)} 台 · 抽行 {time.time() - t0:.0f}s')
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+ if not total:
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+ print(f' [i] {a.month} 无数据')
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+ return 0
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+ db = out / f'{y}年' / f'{m}月' / f'{y}-{m}-{a.cls}.mdb'
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+ ts = time.time()
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+ got = to_mdb(db, tmp, nt)
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+ for ln in got:
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+ print(' ' + ln)
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+ if not got:
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+ return 5
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+ if not a.no_zip:
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+ z = db.parent / f'{y}-{m}-{a.cls}.zip'
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+ with zipfile.ZipFile(z, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED, compresslevel=6) as zf:
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+ zf.write(db, db.name)
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+ print(f' + {P_rel(out, db)} mdb {db.stat().st_size / 1e6:.1f} MB · 装入 {time.time() - ts:.0f}s'
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+ f' · 合计 {time.time() - t0:.0f}s')
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+ shutil.rmtree(tmp, ignore_errors=True)
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+ return 0
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+
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+
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+def P_rel(base: pathlib.Path, p: pathlib.Path) -> str:
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+ try:
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+ return p.relative_to(base.parent).as_posix()
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+ except ValueError:
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+ return str(p)
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+
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+
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+if __name__ == '__main__':
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+ for _s in (sys.stdout, sys.stderr):
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+ try:
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+ _s.reconfigure(errors='replace')
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+ except Exception:
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+ pass
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+ sys.exit(main())
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